I don't know what it is precisely, but it's something to do with the noise, that rattles their cages.
Brush cutters seem to be particularly offensive to them. It's not unheared of for brushcutter operators to be attacked, and badly stung. Once one stings, it lets off some kind of hormone, and the rest just go for it.
That is why it is a particular nightmare of mine. It's never happened to me yet.........
Native Honey bees just rise above the nest, and swarm there, and don't really attack. Bumbles will swarm, but don't generally give chase. Once the threat has moved on, they calm down.
AFAIK, native bees will not demonstrate the kind of behaviour you have seen there. It's not in their nature, unless their nest has been destroyed, but even then, I still think that is an alien species.