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Biodiesel => Biodiesel equipment => Topic started by: julianf on May 07, 2013, 08:44:28 PM

Title: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: julianf on May 07, 2013, 08:44:28 PM
Im thinking of trying to do myself damage with the welder again, and am considering a twin coned (for water heating) drum as a project.

There's a steel place within walking distance here - wondering what thickness i would need to have hope of forming the cone without fancy stuff?


Ahh, thinking about it, i have a metal break that ive never used (due to not having a work bench to bolt it to at present.  I dont know if that would help?
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: Rotary-Motion on May 07, 2013, 08:55:29 PM
funny you mention a cone i been thinking of this for a while now, but never really gone round to it as i dont need one hehe, doesnt stop me thinking about one though and the how to get it to a cone...
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: bertle on May 07, 2013, 09:08:36 PM
Well I would say 0.9 you can just about pull it round your knee. 1.2 if you are strong enough, but really you are going to need some sort of tool. Now you could probably get it with a big diameter ball ended mallet and a sand bag if you are carefull, or any device which will produce a straight bend will do it. 1.5 and you are pushing your luck, you need rollers or a press brake I would say.
This is advice given by someone who works with metal although I am no "tin basher" in the hammer and dolly kind of way.
I expect that Jim will be along to tell you he can beat one out of 1/4" plate in a bit but we are mear mortals and have to bow to his skills.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: Rotary-Motion on May 07, 2013, 09:15:39 PM
this is my take on it, get a square bit of metal (bigger than the drum or tube) draw a circle, cut a hole in the center (ball valve fitting) cut a section out aswell (like a slice of cake) and the outside the big circle bits, then drop in into a old car tyre to start the cone going by pulling the 2 sides together (wedge shape cut out sides) maybe standon center push it down, if too stiff make something to jack the 2 lines together, could leave 2 lugs of metal on to help pull it together? hold with malgrips and weld the sucker...

pulling 2 sides together will create a cone shape

maybe use a clamptop lid clamp to hold it to size to weld slice of cake line

try it with a bit of card first

(http://imageshack.us/a/img51/5417/56873987.jpg)
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: greasemonkey on May 07, 2013, 09:18:40 PM
I think I made mine out of 0.6, and intend to do another one very soon.
It was not difficult to bend, but I wouldn't have wanted it much thicker. I think with 1mm it would be a bit of a struggle to bend it around your knee without over bending it in one spot. 0.6 is plenty strong enough, in my mind, for the average settling tank, processor application.
There is the added advantage with going a bit thicker, that is is just that bit easier to weld.
I don't know if I will do it or not, but it would not be a major project to make a simple bending machine.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: julesandtash on May 07, 2013, 09:34:20 PM
I have done a couple with 1.2mm steel sheet (because the local scrapyard had a load in going cheap)
I cut it as per the pretty diagram above except I added a extra bit on one side of the pie slice to make an overlap weld.
I then used a piece of steel pipe as a former and slowly worked my way around standing on the pipe and pulling the edge up a little bit as I worked around.
By the time I got to the end, the two edges were pretty much touching and it was just a case of pulling them in and putting a couple of tack welds in place then welding the seam up.

Clearly not as nice as one of Jim's but then I am no sheet metal worker.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: Rotary-Motion on May 07, 2013, 09:39:18 PM
nice one jules, where theres a will theres a way fo sho...

 ;)
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: bertle on May 07, 2013, 09:53:35 PM
The most important thing is to get the dvelopment right and cut it out accuratley. If you have the correct amount of metal and can pull it round well enough to get the ends to touch so it can be tacked, you can then tack it to the drum and it should come right. The important thing when tacking to the drum is to split the circumferance up into quarters. You then have your first four tack points, this helps to minimise the accumulated error you would get if you started at one point and just worked round, you would find that as you got back to where you started you would have far too much or not enough metal.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: Rotary-Motion on May 07, 2013, 09:58:04 PM
good pionts, i would of got the errors...
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: greasemonkey on May 07, 2013, 10:16:12 PM
The most important thing is to get the dvelopment right and cut it out accuratley. If you have the correct amount of metal and can pull it round well enough to get the ends to touch so it can be tacked, you can then tack it to the drum and it should come right. The important thing when tacking to the drum is to split the circumferance up into quarters. You then have your first four tack points, this helps to minimise the accumulated error you would get if you started at one point and just worked round, you would find that as you got back to where you started you would have far too much or not enough metal.

Precisely the cock up I made on mine..........
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: Jamesrl on May 07, 2013, 10:48:45 PM
It would be simple enough to shape a cone cut from 1.5mm steel thus making MIG welding easier, I use my knee to shape my cones.

To work out a cone very accurately use, included angle = 180 x diam / slope length.

Any one can work out or develop a cone, shaping it is where the skill is.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: Julian on May 07, 2013, 11:13:00 PM
All this talk about cones ... don't forget that Tony put together this calculator ... http://www.biopowered.co.uk/forum/tools/cone.php
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: julianf on May 08, 2013, 10:38:07 AM
It would be simple enough to shape a cone cut from 1.5mm steel thus making MIG welding easier, I use my knee to shape my cones.

To work out a cone very accurately use, included angle = 180 x diam / slope length.

Any one can work out or develop a cone, shaping it is where the skill is.

Are you saying that its simple, or that its not simple?

To quantify - In your option, for an average mortal.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: Jamesrl on May 08, 2013, 10:53:48 AM
It would be simple enough to shape a cone cut from 1.5mm steel thus making MIG welding easier, I use my knee to shape my cones.

To work out a cone very accurately use, included angle = 180 x diam / slope length.

Any one can work out or develop a cone, shaping it is where the skill is.

Are you saying that its simple, or that its not simple?

To quantify - In your option, for an average mortal.

Ah, a poor choice of words Mr Mortal.

The actual manipulation of the metal would be easy because of it's physical size, knowing where/how to start and what to use to aid the shaping, remembering it's being done in a shed without rollers, press etc. is where the skill bit comes in.

Any truly skilled craftsman will make his trade look easy. 
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: julianf on May 08, 2013, 10:55:15 AM
Right - an "easy when you know how" one then! : )

Wanna give me a step-by-step?
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: Jamesrl on May 08, 2013, 10:59:22 AM
Right - an "easy when you know how" one then! : )

Wanna give me a step-by-step?

Yeh, No Problem,

Left right left right left right left right left right left right left right left right left right left right left right left right left right left right.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: julianf on May 08, 2013, 11:00:40 AM
...i thought it was all going too well.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: julianf on May 08, 2013, 11:45:23 AM
Diversions aside -

Looking at Tony's cone calculator, what is the recommended "Desired cone angle from horizontal (a)"

The default value of 30 degrees seems quite shallow?  Im thinking 45 degrees may help more stuff roll down the inside edge of the cone?

Bertle's look steeper than that even -

(http://i250.photobucket.com/albums/gg248/bertle500/IMAG0258_zps27996e1a.jpg)

(the angle at the lower port looks to be less than 90 degrees)
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: bertle on May 08, 2013, 12:20:55 PM
The bottom cones are 45 degrees, it is a bit of an optical illusion but look at the angle between the leg and the cone, that shows it best.The top cones are 10 degrees.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: julianf on May 08, 2013, 12:55:14 PM
Thank you.

I also just realised how much more efficient cutting them in pairs is -

(http://www.biopowered.co.uk/forum/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=1241.0;attach=40;image)

[attachment deleted by admin]
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: Jamesrl on May 08, 2013, 01:40:09 PM
Thank you.

I also just realised how much more efficient cutting them in pairs is -



Not when it comes to forming the cone.

When forming by hand it's the edges that are the hardest to shape, the main body of the metal forms easily. Making a cone in two parts doubles the edge work and reduces the ease of shaping.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: Julian on May 08, 2013, 01:50:32 PM
Don't think they are two halves, they are two cones, nested.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: Jamesrl on May 08, 2013, 01:58:09 PM
Don't think they are two halves, they are two cones, nested.

That may be the case but if you divide the angle you get the halves and one hell of a lot of waste.

With a bit of nesting I can get 6 cones from a 2500 x 1220 sheet.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: knighty on May 08, 2013, 04:46:27 PM
I think this is what he meant

(http://img153.imageshack.us/img153/3991/indextzy.jpg)
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: therecklessengineer on May 08, 2013, 07:36:09 PM
If my calculations are correct, then they won't nest like that.

A 30 degree cone requires a cut out of 48 degrees. Nesting in this fashion requires a minimum cut out of 90 degrees.

However, if you increase your cone angle to 42 degrees, then the cut out is just over 90 degrees meaning they will nest - although this will increase the flat circle diameter by 16%.

You could of course space the centres to allow them to nest.


An interesting problem. I'm sure there's a mathematical solution - I might try and find one if I get bored.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: therecklessengineer on May 08, 2013, 07:50:37 PM
Yeh, No Problem,

Left right left right left right left right left right left right left right left right left right left right left right left right left right left right.

I thought this was a place of sharing knowledge Jim.

I've only made a few cones - and none of big enough to fit a drum, but I can offer my observations from my efforts.

Be as accurate as you can in marking out and cutting.
When you start to bend the cone into shape, make sure you're bending along the cone's axis - bending a little out of the axis will make the cone go squiffy and it won't line up at the end.
Don't try to do it all in one go, bend slowly all the way along each time and slowly pull it into shape. Keep looking at it to make sure it's going the right way. It's easier to correct mistakes earlier on.
As soon as the ends are together, tack the top and bottom before tacking the middle and finally welding along the seam.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: julianf on May 08, 2013, 08:36:17 PM
The above is a CAD screen shot.  I used Tony's calculator for a 45 degree cone, and copied the values into my CAD application.  I figured i could then take measurements from that as to how to tessellate them efficiently.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: Jamesrl on May 08, 2013, 10:42:08 PM
I thought this was a place of sharing knowledge Jim.

The reply was supposed to be light hearted.

I'm not aware of anyone who's given as much to the Bio world as I have over the last seven years.

Julianf has been in my shed where I shew him how to form a cone, albeit a small one but the principle is the same irrespective of scale.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: julianf on May 09, 2013, 08:51:04 AM
I don't remember that.  I'm not saying it did not happen, just that i don't remember it.

I would have thought, however, that it would be obvious: If i knew how to do it, i wouldn't be asking.
Title: Re: What thickness steel can you roll (for a cone) without special tools?
Post by: therecklessengineer on May 09, 2013, 10:05:55 AM
The reply was supposed to be light hearted.

I understand now. I'm not sure about anyone else, but I didn't interpret it that way.

Please don't forget that each thread provides information for others as well as OP. I'd certainly be interested to know how you make your cones, as I'm sure would others and those that find this thread in the future. As an owner of one I was impressed with the workmanship.

The above is a CAD screen shot.  I used Tony's calculator for a 45 degree cone, and copied the values into my CAD application.  I figured i could then take measurements from that as to how to tessellate them efficiently.

Aha. Yes, for a 45 degree cone it would certainly make sense.